Noether symmetries and their inverse problems of the nonholonomic systems with the fractional derivatives are studied. Based on the quasi-invariance of fractional Hamilton action under the infinitesimal transformations without the time and the general transcoordinates of time-reparametrization, the fractional Noether theorems are established for the nonholonomic constraint systems. Further, the fractional Noether inverse problems are firstly presented for the nonholonomic systems. An example is designed to illustrate the applications of the results.